THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE – GENİŞ ZAMAN

THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE – GENİŞ ZAMAN
1. The simple present is used to describe a present situation.
Simple Present, içinde bulunulan anı ifade etmek için kullanılabilir.
I work in Istanbul. (I work now and will work for the future).
He is a hardworking student.
2. The simple present is used to indicate habitual actions or events that regularly happens.
Simple present ile alışkanlıklar ve her gün yapılan işler ifade edilebilir. Bu tür cümlelerde genellikle sıklık zarfları (always, usually, generally etc) kullanılır.
She often goes to work late.
The child usually drink milk before going to bed.
3. The simple present is used to express general truths such as scientific fact.
Bilimsel gerçekleri ve doğruluğu kanıtlanmış genellemeleri bu tense ile ifade ederiz.
Water freezes at 0 C. (A scientific fact)
Water boils at 100 C.
4. The simple present is also used in expressions like “I think, I know, I see, etc.”
Ayrıca, “I think, I believe” (sanırım, inanıyorum ki) gibi ifadeler geniş zamanda kullanılabilir.
I think you are a hardworking student. I know you’re right.
5. The simple present can also be used to talk about the future..
Gelecekle ilgili veya gelecekte yapılması planlanmış durumlarda kullanılabilir veya gelecekle bağlantılı cümlelerde geniş zaman kullanabiliriz.
You’ll succeed if you study harder.
I’ll visit Topkapi Palace if I go to Istanbul.
The bus leaves at seven o’clock.
I have an important examination tomorrow.
6. The simple present tense is also used with certain verbs (like, taste, believe, sound, feel, hear, remember, weigh, smell, etc)
Şimdiki zamanda kullanılmayan “Non-Progressive Verbs” dediğimiz fiiller vardır. Bu fiiller, geniş zaman ile kullanılabilir. “Like, taste, believe, sound, feel, hear, remember, weigh, smell, love, look, seem, appear, mind, expect, suppose, realize, forget, want, dislike, prefer” gibi fiiller şimdiki zamanda kullanılmayan ancak geniş zamanda kullanılabilen Non-Progressive Fiillerdir.
I don’t believe you.
She doesn’t love me.
B. STRUCTURE
Positive Structure:
I work in a great factory
You work
He works
She works
It works
We work
They work
Negative Structure:
I don’t in a great factory.
You don’t
He doesn’t
She doesn’t work
It doesn’t
We don’t
They don’t
Question structure:
Do I in a great factory?
Do You
Does He
Does She work
Does It
Do We
Do They
TO BE IN SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
I am a teacher
You are a student
He is a boy
She is a girl
It is a dog
We are students
They are people
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE – Dİ’Lİ GEÇMİŞ ZAMAN
1. The Simple Past tense is used to talk about completed actions in the past:
Simple Past, geçmişte belirli bir zamanda yapılmış eylemleri ifade etmek için kullanılır. “Yesterday, last night, two weeks ago, in 2002” gibi zarflar kullanılabilir.
I graduated from the university in 2003.
He came from Berlin last night.
2. The Simple Past is used to describe situations which existed for a period of time in the past.
Geçmişte belirli bir süre içerisinde devam etmiş olayları, eylemleri anlatmak için kullanılır.
Millions of years ago, dinosaurs inhabited the earth.
They talked to each other during the lesson.
He lived in England for a long time.
3. It is also used to talk about habits in the past:
Geçmişteki alışkanlıkları ifade etmek için yine Simple Past kullanılır. I always wore a khaki cap in the summer.
He never drank tea.
They generally read several novels in the winter.
4. It is used to talk about events that happened one after the other:
Hikaye anlatırken olayları ard arda sıraladığımızda kullanırız.
He jumped out of bed, ran into the bathroom and slammed the door.
B. STRUCTURE
Positive Structure:
I
You
He
She worked
It
We
They
Note: Use second form of Irregular verbs in positive structure of the Past Simple Tense..
(Geçmiş zaman olumlu cümlelerde, düzensiz fiillerin 2. hali kullanılır.)
Click here for Irregular Verbs Table
Negative Structure:
I
You
He
She didn’t work
It
We
They
Question structure:
I
You
Did He
Didn’t She work?
It
We
They
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
THE SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE – ŞİMDİKİ ZAMANIN HİKAYESİ
1. The Past Continuous is used to express continuous actions occurring in the past.
Past Continuous geçmişte zamanın belirli bir anında devam etmekte olan eylemleri ve olayları ifade etmek için kullanılır.
I was watching TV at home last night.
They were playing football yesterday afternoon.
2. The Past Continuous tense is frequently used to refer to an ongoing action which was taking place when something else occurred in the past.
Geçmişte devam etmekte olan bir olay esnasında başka bir eylem gerçekleşirse ve bu olaylar “when” ile kurulmuşsa simple past ve past continuous tense birlikte ifade edilir.
My father was watching TV when I arrived at home.
He was reading book while she was washing the dishes.
B. STRUCTURE
Positive Structure:
I was
You were
He was
She was working.
It was
We were
They were
Negative Structure:
I
You
He wasn’t
She was not working.
It
We
They
Question structure:
I
You
Was He
Wasn’t She working?
It
We
They
 
THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
1. The Present Perfect Continuous tense is used to express continuous, ongoing actions which started in the past and are still going on:
Present Perfect Continuous, geçmişte belirli bir zamanda başlamış olan ve konuşma sırasında da devam eden eylemleri anlatmak için kullanılır. “For, since, ever since, all day, all week, all year” gibi zaman zarfları bu anlamdaki cümlelerde sıkça kullanılır.
I have been waiting for her since seven o’clock. (and I’m still waiting for her.)
We have been running for 15 minutes! Let’s have a rest here.
B. STRUCTURE
Positive Structure:
I have
You have
He has
She has been working for two hours.
It has
We have
They have
Negative Structure:
I haven’t
You haven’t
He hasn’t
She hasn’t been working for two hours.
It hasn’t
We haven’t
They haven’t
Question structure:
Have I
Have You
Has He
Has She been working for two hours?
Has It
Have We
Have They
 
 
 
 
 
THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
1. The Simple Future tense is used to express actions which will take place in the future.
Gelcek zaman bu tense ile ifade edilir.
I will go to school tomorrow.
2. The Simple Future is used to express an intention or decision made at the moment of speaking.
Konuşma anında yapılmasına karar verilen eylemleri ifade etmek için kullanılır.
It’s very hot in here. I’ll open the window.
I have a headache. I’ll take an aspirine.
3. The Simple Future can be used to make a prediction.
Beklentileri ifade ederken ve tahminde bulunurken Simple Future kullanılır.
I think it will be cool and rainy tomorrow.
I believe they will turn back in the evening.
B. STRUCTURE
Positive Structure:
I
You
He
She will work.
It
We
They
Negative Structure:
I
You
He
She will not work.
It won’t
We
They
Question structure:
I
You
Will He
Won’t She work?
It
We
They
THE SIMPLE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
1. The Future Continuous is used to indicate that a longer action in the future will be interrupted. The interruption is usually an action in the Simple Future. This can be a real interruption or just an interruption in time.
Future Continuous, gelecekte belirli bir zamanda devam edecek olayları ifade etmek için kullanılır.
I will be watching TV when she arrives tonight.
I will be waiting for you when your bus arrives.
He will be studying at the library tonight, so he will not see Jennifer when she arrives.
2. The Simple Future is used with the expression “at this time”.
Bu tense’de kullanılan, diğer zamanlardan farklı bir özellik de “at this time” ın kullanılmasıdır.
We will be doing homework at this time tomorrow.
I will be travelling to Paris at this time next week.
B. STRUCTURE
Positive Structure:
I
You
He
She will be working.
It
We
They
Negative Structure:
I
You
He
She will not be working.
It won’t be
We
They
Question structure:
I
You
Will He
Won’t She be working?
It
We
They
THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
1. The Future Perfect tense is used to refer to a non-continuous action which will be completed by a certain time in the future.
Future Perfect, gelecekte belirli bir zamandan önce tamamlanmış olacak eylemleri ifade etmek için future perfect tense kullanılır.
In September, I will have lived in Malatya for four years.
Thomas will have finished the project by Wednesday.
2. By + noun and by the time + sentence are used to express in Future Perfect.
Future Perfect ile by, by the time, before, in a week, when gibi zaman bağlaçları sıklıkla kullanılabilir.
I will have done my homework by the time he comes.
I will have been awake for 24 hours by 12 o’clock.
B. STRUCTURE
Positive Structure:
I
You
He
She will have worked.
It
We
They
Negative Structure:
I
You
He
She will not have worked.
It won’t have
We
They
Question structure:
I
You
Will He
Won’t She have worked?
It
We
They
 
 
THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
1. The Future Perfect Continuous tense is used to express a continuous, action which will be completed by a certain time in the future.
Future Perfect Continuous, gelecekte bir eylemin olayın ne kadar süre devam etmekte olduğunu belirtmek için kullanılır.
When we arrive in Izmir, we will have been driving for 17 hours.
By the time the match starts, we will have been waiting here for three hours.
B. STRUCTURE
Positive Structure:
I
You
He
She will have been working.
It
We
They
Negative Structure:
I
You
He
She will not have been working.
It won’t have
We
They
Question structure:
I
You
Will He
Won’t She have been working?
It
We
They
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